| DB ID | MyCo_1766 |
| Title | Humoral immunity links Candida albicans infection and celiac disease |
| Year | 2015 |
| PMID | 25793717 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Candida albicans infection |
| Associated Medical Condition | Celiac disease (CeD) |
| Genus | Candida |
| Species | albicans |
| Organism | Candida albicans |
| Ethical Statement | All patients included in the study were followed in Lille University Hospital either in the Department of Gastroenterology (CeD patients) or Intensive Care Unit (CI patients). The care practices of both departments included serological testing to aid with diagnosis and therapeutic decisions. All complementary analyses designed to assess serological cross-reactivity between CeD and CI was made on residual sera anonymized and stored at -80°C in the clinical immunology laboratory and clinical mycology laboratory, respectively. No additional sample was made for the presented study. As sera were taken from a registered biological collection bank (French Ministry of Research, reference DC-2008-642), patient consent was not required according to French law. Institutional review board approval was given by the “Comité de Protection des Personnes Nord- Ouest IV”, the ethical committee of our institution. |
| Site of Infection | None |
| Opportunistic invasive | Opportunistic |
| Sample type | Body fluid |
| Sample source | Serum |
| Host Group | Human |
| Host Common name | Human |
| Host Scientific name | Homo sapiens |
| Biomarker Name | Anti-Hwp1 |
| Biomarker Full Name | Anti-Hyphal wall protein 1 |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Biomolecule | Protein |
| Geographical Location | France |
| Cohort | For the first part of the study, 87 adults (median age: 35 years [range: 17–77]; 65 females) with CeD were included. Median time since diagnosis was 5 years [0–29]. Diagnosis of CeD was based on clinical, endoscopic, and histologic criteria. Twenty-eight patients had associated autoimmune disease, including four with selective IgA deficiency. The patients were divided into two groups according to their level of adherence to a GFD (strict or not strict adherence to a GFD in the previous 2 months). Forty-six serum samples were obtained from 41 patients with systemic CI (median age: 58 years [12–85]; 22 males), hospitalized in Lille University Hospital. All patients were undergoing serological monitoring and had at least one C. albicans-positive blood culture. Longitudinal serum samples were obtained from five patients during the course of CI for kinetic analysis of anti-Hwp1 and anti-gliadin antibody responses. Ninety-eight serum samples from healthy blood donors served as negative controls (HC). For the second part of the study, a second set of samples was used which consisted of 20 serum samples from patients with CeD (median age: 17 years [range: 1–57]; 14 females) including 14 samples from patients (11 females) without strict adherence to a GDF in the previous 2 months, 20 samples from new patients with proven systemic CI, collected at the time blood cultures were positive for C. albicans (median age: 61 years [30–79]; 11 males), and 20 additional sera from HC. All serological analyses were performed retrospectively from the residual frozen samples obtained from patients followed in the University Hospital of Lille. |
| Cohort No. | 107 |
| Age Group | 17-77 and 1-57 |
| P Value | p=0.0005 |
| Sensitivity | None |
| Specificity | None |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | None |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | Celiac disease (CeD), also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is a complex disorder where genetically-susceptible individuals develop signs of malabsorption and extra-intestinal manifestations after ingestion of cereals. CeD affects 1% of the population of Europe and the USA, and can develop in early childhood or later in life. The prevalence of CeD is considered to be underestimated. The pathogenic mechanisms of CeD are induced by consumption of the cereals wheat, barley, and rye. These cereals contain a mixture of alcohol-soluble and alcohol-insoluble proteins known as gluten. Gliadins are a family of closely-related proline- rich and glutamine-rich alcohol-soluble proteins found in gluten. When peptides from dietary gliadin enter the sub-epithelial region they are deamidated by tissue transglutaminase. Human transglutaminases contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis through their activity on many endogenous physiologic substrates. Their ability to interact with exogenous proteins is not limited to gliadin. Twelve years ago, Sundstrom et al. reported a process of molecular mimicry allowing the yeast Candida albicans to interact with transglutaminase. C. albicans is a human commensal that colonizes all segments of the gastrointestinal tract and vagina of healthy individuals. Epidemiologic and clinical studies in the past few decades have led to its recognition as an important public health problem in developed countries. The spectrum of diseases caused by this species ranges from vaginal infections, which affect up to 75% of women at least once in their lifetime to invasive nosocomial infections, of endogenous origin, with high morbidity and mortality rates in severely ill patients. It has been suggested that C. albicans may also play a role in the persistence or worsening of some chronic inflammatory bowel diseases through its ability to trigger the Th17 pathway. |
| Technique | ELISA |
| Analysis Method | ELISA Based |
| ELISA kits | ELISA kit (ELISIS Celiac Glia Check IgA/IgG; Biomedical Diagnostics), ELISA kit (Test Celikey TTA kit; Pharmacia Diagnostics) |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | ELISA, Western blot |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | Increase |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |
