| DB ID | MyCo_1520 |
| Title | Plasma But Not Cerebrospinal Fluid Interleukin 7 and Interleukin 5 Levels Pre-Antiretroviral Therapy Commencement Predict Cryptococcosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome |
| Year | 2017 |
| PMID | 29048509 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Cryptococcosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (C-IRIS), |
| Associated Medical Condition | human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) |
| Genus | Cryptococcus |
| Species | spp. |
| Organism | Cryptococcus spp. |
| Ethical Statement | Written informed consent was obtained from participants or next of kin. Review boards at the University of KwaZulu- Natal (BF053/09), Monash University (20161197839), and the University of Western Australia (RA/4/1/2541) granted ethics approval. |
| Site of Infection | None |
| Opportunistic invasive | Opportunistic |
| Sample type | Body fluid |
| Sample source | Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
| Host Group | Human |
| Host Common name | Human |
| Host Scientific name | Homo sapiens |
| Biomarker Name | IL-5 |
| Biomarker Full Name | Interleukin-5 |
| Biomarker Type | Predictive |
| Biomolecule | Protein |
| Geographical Location | South Africa |
| Cohort | Beginning August 2009 to September 2011, 106 HIV-infected patients experiencing their first episode of CM were initiated on ART and prospectively followed for 24 weeks in Durban, South Africa, as described in detail elsewhere. Of these 106 patients, 27 (25.5%) subsequently developed probable or possible C-IRIS during follow up. We previously identified a low CD4 T-cell count as a risk factor for C-IRIS, and therefore here we adopted a 1:1 case-control design, comparing 27 probable or possible C-IRIS cases to CD4 T-cell–matched controls without C-IRIS. |
| Cohort No. | 27 Patients |
| Age Group | None |
| P Value | p=.088 |
| Sensitivity | None |
| Specificity | None |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | None |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | More than 1 million cases of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) occur globally every year, with >70% of these in sub-Saharan Africa. In South Africa, CM remains the leading cause of adult meningitis and the second leading cause of AIDSrelated death after tuberculosis (TB). In up to 50% of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDSassociated CM, a paradoxical clinical deterioration known as cryptococcosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (C-IRIS) occurs following initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The clinical risk factors for C-IRIS are imprecise but include persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cryptococcal culture positivity, high cryptococcal antigen load, low CSF protein, low CSF leukocyte count, high CSF chemokine levels, low blood CD4+ T-cell count, and poor CD4+ T-cell recovery following ART commencement. The immunological mechanisms underlying C-IRIS have not been fully determined and no reliable immunological biomarkers exist to identify at-risk patients. |
| Technique | ELISA |
| Analysis Method | ELISA Based |
| ELISA kits | 17-plex high-sensitivity Luminex kit (Bio-Rad), ELISA Kit (Medical and Biomedical Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts). |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | ELISA |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | Increase |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |
